Fatima
Zahra's Birth
The
clear disagreement on Fatima's birth date is surprising. Some scholars
state that she was born five years after revelation; while others say
that she was born two or three years before that; and still others claim
that she was born five years before revelation. It should be noted that
the first statement was narrated from the Imams of Ahlul-Bayt (A) a
group of Sunni scholars also favor the same viewpoint. On the other
hand, Sunni scholars and narrators alone speak of the second date.
The
following are narrations, which have been cited concerning the date of
Fatima Zahra's birth:
1. Kafi
(Kulayni):
"She was
born five years after (the beginning of) Prophethood, and three years
after Ascension to heaven. When the Prophet died, Fatima was eighteen
years old...."
2. Al-Manaqib
(Ibn Shahr Ashub):
"Fatima
was born five years after (the beginning of) Prophethood and three years
after Ascension, namely on the 20th of Jamadi al-Thani. She lived eight
years in Mecca with her father, and then she immigrated..."
3.
Al-Bihar: Imam Baqir (A) said:
"Fatima
Bint Muhammad was born five years after the (first) revelation to
Allah's Messenger. She died when she was eighteen years and seventy-five
days old."
4.
Rawdhat al-Waedin:
"Fatima
was born five years after the (first) revelation to the Prophet...."
5. Iqbal
al-Aamal: Sheikh Mufeed in his book Hadaiq Ar-Ryadh, said:
"The
20th of Jamadi al-Thani was the birthday of Fatima Zahra during the
second year after (the first) revealation."
6.
Misbah al-Kaf'ami:
"Although it has been said that she was born five years after (the
first) revelation, (Fatima) was born on Friday the 20th of Jamadi al-Thani,
two years after revelation."
7.
Misbahain:
"Friday
the 20th of Jamadi al-Thani, two years after revelation, was the
birthday of Fatima, as was cited by some narrations. It has been
mentioned in a narration that she was born five years after revelation.
The Sunnis narrate that she was born five years before revelation."
8.
Dala'el al-Imamah, on the authority of Imam Sadiq (A):
"Fatima
was born on the 20th of Jamadi al-Thani, forty five years after the
Prophet was born...etc." [1]
The
above-mentioned statements are a selection of narrations from the Imams
of Ahlul-Bayt (A) and the old Shiite scholars (may Allah bless their
souls) declaring that Fatima Zahra's birth took place after revelation.
Contrary to this, the Sunni scholars have stated:
1.
Ma'refat As-Sahabah by Abu Nu'eym:
"Fatima
was the youngest of Allah's Messenger's daughters. She was born while
Quraish was building Kaaba."
2.
Maqatil At-Talibin by Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani:
"Fatima's birth took place before revelation, during the time that
Quraish was building Kaaba."
3. Ibn
al-Athir in al-Muhktar Fi Manaqib al-Akhiar.
4.
Tabari in Dhakhaer al-Uqbi.
5.
Suyuti in Ath-Thughour al-Basimah.
Perhaps
more research would reveal that the Sunnis adopted this viewpoint in
most of their books.
After
briefly examining the above-mentioned narrations and in view of the fact
that neither Ascension nor Revelation took place before the beginning of
Prophethood, it becomes clear that Lady Fatima Zahra's birth was after
revelation. Therefore, the falsity of the traditions, which claim that
she was born five years prior to the first revelation, becomes obvious.
There
are two motives which can be cited for those who made such false claims:
The first is to refute the prophetic traditions which reveal the story
of heavenly food and that Fatima was born from sperm produced from an
apple that came from paradise.
The
second is to prove that Fatima Zahra was unattractive to the point that
she became eighteen years old before anyone asked to marry her.
Nevertheless, Tabari in Dhakhaer al-Uqbi, Asfuri Shafe'i in Nuzhat
al-Majalis and Qanduzi in Yanabea al-Mawaddah narrated that Khadija (A)
said:
"...
Then, when (Fatima's) delivery came near, I sent for the Quraishan
midwives who refused to help me because of Muhammad (S). During
childbirth, four ladies whose beauty and brilliance were indescribable
entered the house'.
One of
them said:
"I am
your Mother Eve"
The
second said:
"I am
Umme Kulthum, Musa's sister"
The
third said:
"I am
Mariam, and we have come to help you."
Here is
the same narration but in a different manner:
'When
Khadija was about to deliver, she sent for the Quraishan women to help
her give birth to her child. They refused and said: 'We will not help
you; for you became Muhammad's wife.'
In the
meantime, four women entered the house; their beauty and brilliance
cannot be described. One of them said:
'I am
your Mother Eve.'
The
second said:
`I am
Asiya Bint Muzahim.'
The
third said:
'I am
Kulthum, Musa's sister.'
The
fourth said:
"I am
Mariam Bint Imran, (Isa's mother). We have come to deliver your child. "
Fatima
was then born.
"When
Fatima fell on the ground, she was in a prostrating position, raising
her finger."
Furthermore, the detailed narration was mentioned by al-Mufaddal Ibn Amr
on the authority of Imam Sadiq (A) in v.1 of Al-Bihar by Al-Majlisi.
In
addition to what we have already mentioned about Fatima's birth, Ibn
Asaker in At-Tarikh al-Kabir said:
"Khadija
gave her children to other women for nursing; but when Fatima was born,
Khadija herself nursed her."
This was
also stated by Ibn Kathir in Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah.
References:
The above mentioned
narrations were recorded in Bihar: v.10.
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