Imam Hussein (as)'s
Revolution, Reasons & Motives
All those who are familiar with Imam
Husseins life do certainly realize that his role in serving Islam had
started very early in his life. He has contributed to the rising Islamic
movement when he was a boy, and played a significant role when his
father was the Commander of the Faithful, taking part in all three wars
that his father fought along with the rest of the faithful companions
and followers.
When his brother Hassan (A.S.) became Imam, he obeyed and followed him
in all what he said or did. Then his role entered a new stage with the
passing away of his brother. And since the role of any Imam of Ahlul
Bayt is defined in accordance with the nature of the social and
political conditions of his age. the Imam drew a new course in
determining the direction of the Islamic movement.
Winds of Revolution
When Muawyiah died , his son Yazid took power and ordered his walis
(governers) to ask for the people's pledge of loyalty and especially
that of Imam Hussein, a wave of rejection and opposition to the policy
of betrayal and tyranny mounted, and the Imam decided to rise to his
religious responsibilities as the lawful Imam and the leader of the
Islamic Nation entrusted with the task of preserving its Divine message.
He went to his grandfather's (P.B.U.H.) grave, and recited the following
prayer:
"0 God, This is the grave of your Prophet, Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) and I am
his daughter's son, and I have come to know what you undoubtedly know. 0
God, I like to enjoin the good and reject the evil. I ask you 0
All-Mighty God by this grave and by he who is in it to choose for me
what would please You and Your Prophet"
Thus Imam Hussein pledged that he would defend the message whatever the
cost, as long as it would lead to Allah's satisfaction. The Imam went on
to meet with his relatives and followers and inform them of his
intention to leave to Mecca. He was met by a lot of opposition of those
who tried to dissuade him, either because they were afraid that he would
get killed, or because they were not courageous enough to follow him.
But his resolve to uphold the right was not shaken by such objections or
threats.
He declared his first revolutionary communiqué which took the form of a
will, he wrote to his brother, Muhammad bin Al-Hanifiah:
"...I did not revolt to cause evil , tyranny or corruption, but to
reform my grandfather's (Muhammad P.B.U H.) Ummah. I want to enjoin the
good and denounce the evil, and take the course of my father and
grand-father...."
This eternal message was the official declaration of his revolution. The
Imam (A.S.) traveled to Mecca and there he chose to stay at the house of
Abass bin Abdul Muttalib, where the faithful believers of Mecca, as well
as those outside it, started to visit him and pledge loyalty to him.
News about the political uprising in Kufa reached Mecca, and the leaders
of the city wrote a letter in which they declared their opposition to
the Ummayad rule, and they would not accept anybody else but Imam
Hussein (A.S.) to rule them. This letter was followed by many other
letters asking the Imam to come to their city to assume his rule as an
Imam of the faithfuls.
On the way to the Great Martyrdom
Yazid became so worried that he decided to send an army led by Amr Bin
Said bin Al-Ass, to kill the Imam wherever they found him and whatever
the costs. When the Imam heard that Yazid's army was heading towards
Mecca, he wasn't afraid that they would kill him but was afraid that
they would violate the sanctuary of the City, so he decided to leave to
Kufa although he knew before hand the ultimate destiny he was to face.
Al-Hussein (A S.) and his companions headed towards Iraq, although he
was going to be killed. But he believed that the true victory would be
his, along with his Ahlul Bayt through their Martyrdom at Karbala.
The Reasons of the Revolution
Imam Hussein did not possess the necessary force that would enable him
to win, he did not even rely on those who wrote to him from Kufa. For he
declared his revolution before he received their letters and delegates.
AI-Hijaz too did not give him enough support to be able to stand against
the Ummayads. Therefore he decided to leave to Iraq for the sole reason
of preventing any blood
shedding in the Holy City of Mecca. Moreover, he knew that he was
destined to die, yet he went on. Why then did he insist, and why did he
declare his Revolution?
To answer this question, one should be aware of the following facts:
First: Yazid represented a real danger to the Islamic Nation, for he was
not a true Muslim. He was not properly educated with the teachings of
Islam. And he used according to historical sources, to drink alcohol,
gamble, and commit all other sins.
Such a man could not be entrusted with the affairs of the nation.
Nonetheless, the faithful forces, with Imam Hussein as their leader, had
benefited a lot from these points of weakness in the personality of such
an evil ruler as Yazid which he used to reveal so openly before the
people.
In these circumstances it might not be strange to see many Muslim
dignitaries trying to convince Imam Hussein to avoid the confrontation
with Yazid, although they bore witness to the corruption of the
Ummayads, and they also realized that it was the Imam's duty and right
to face it... He was thus approached by Abdallah bin Umar bin AI-Khattab
and Abdallah bin Al-Zubair, as well as some of his family members. These
are some of the manifestations of the absence of the militant spirit
among most Muslim leaders.
As for the common people, this negative spirit spread among them to the
terrifying extent that the people of Kufa, for example, broke all their
pledges promises and oaths , once they were subjected to the wave of
terror led by ibn-Ziyad, as well as seducing them with promises of
wealth and power. These factors were among the main reasons that led to
the announcement of the revolution. The Imam wanted to shake the dead
consciences because he knew that there was no other way of preserving
Allah's message except through his Martyrdom. Since there was no one
else to stand up for the oppression, he knew that the nation would not
wake up except by such speeches and talks amongst themselves to
galvanize and mobilize the people and solidify their Morales.
Second: The general level of the nation as a whole was below the
required to stand up to the currents of sweeping deviation. A tendency
to treasure the pleasures of this world began to be visible in all
sections of the nation, as a substitute to the spirit of sacrifice for
the cause of Allah. And this enabled the opportunistic current to win
and hold the positions of ruling and guidance.
Third: It was necessary that the nation should learn about the true
Islamic conception of the Imamate; its true role and its dimensions. The
dangerous effects of undermining the Islamic conceptions which was
played by the Ummayad rule was never emerging from the grass-root level,
but rather from the high levels of Leadership that monopolized all means
of guidance.
Therefore, in accordance with the demands of the Islamic message, and
the qualities that have to be availabe in a Muslim ruler, Imam Hussein
had to explain these issues to the Muslim masses in every speech he made
or any other opportunity he had:
"0 people you have to be pious believers, and know the truth. That is
better for you. We the members of the family of Muhammad (Ahlul Bayt )
are more entitled to be the rulers than those who claim what is not
rightfully theirs; those oppressors and tyrants".
With such roaring words the Imam(as) revealed that the Ummayads who have
deviated from the right Islamic path are not fit to be rulers, and
explained to the nation the foundations of the course on which the
Islamic ruler should be committed to, as well as the Islamic ,traits
.that are embodied in the Imam himself that qualify him to be the Imam
of the nation.
Thus, underlining the Islamic conception of the Imamate and revealing
the falsehood of the Ummayad claims were among the fundamental reasons
that made the Imam declare his revolution.
Fourth: The Islamic message offers no justification for the Muslim to
relieve him from performing his duties as a man who has obligations
towards the message he believes in. Man in the Islamic Society is not an
independent individual but rather a person who is integrated in his
society and who should perform his duties towards the Islamic faith.
But to fulfill his commitments towards Allah's Shariah in enjoining the
good and forbidding the evil meant that he had to follow the path of the
revolution, because it was the only way that provided any hope for
reform in his grandfather's (pbuh&hf) nation.
These are the main reasons that gave Imam Hussein and his companions the
right to declare the victorious revolution, that immortalized Islam and
inspired the coming generations to defend it and to hold fast in the
Holy Wars of Jehad. |