A Brief History of Imam
Ali Al-Sajjad (AS)
The Fourth Imam
Imam Sajjad (Ali ibn
Husayn entitled Zayn al-'abidin and Sajjad) was the son of the third
Imam and his wife, the queen among women, the daughter of Yazdigird the
king of Iran. He was the only son of Imam Husayn to survive, for his
other three brothers Ali Akbar, aged twenty-five, five year old Ja'far
and Ali Asghar (or 'Abdallah) who was a suckling baby were martyred
during the event of Karbala. The Imam had also accompanied his father on
the journey that terminated fatally in Karbala, but because of severe
illness and the inability to carry arms or participate in fighting he
was prevented from taking part in the holy war and being martyred. So he
was sent with the womenfolk to Damascus. After spending a period in
imprisonment he was sent with honor to Medina because Yazid wanted to
conciliate public opinion. But for a second time, by the order of the
Umayyad caliph, 'Abd al-Malik, he was chained and sent from Medina to
Damascus and then again returned to Medina.
The fourth Imam, upon
returning to Medina, retired from public life completely, closed the
door of his house to strangers and spent his time in worship. He was in
contact only with the elite among the Shi'ites such as Abu Hamzah
Thumali, Abu Khalid Kabuli and the like. The elite disseminated among
the Shi'ah and the religious sciences they learned from the Imam. In
this way Shi'ism spread considerably and showed its effects during the
imamate of the fifth Imam. Among the works of the fourth Imam is a book
called Sahifah sajjadiyah. It consists of fifty-seven prayers
concerning the most sublime Divine sciences and is known as "The Psalm
of the Household of the Prophet."
The fourth Imam died
(according to some Shi'ite traditions poisoned by Walid ibn 'Abd al-Malik
through the instigation of the Umayyad caliph Hisham) in 95/712 after
thirty-five years of imamate.
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