FAQ ON ZAKAT AL-FITRAH
(According
to Fataawa of Ayatullah Sayyid Ali al-Husayni Seestani)
Q. What
is Zakatul Fitrah?
A: It is religious tax/alms (zakat) paid on the day when Muslims break
the fasting period at the end of the month of Ramadhan. This alms is
known as Zakat al-Fitrah.
Q. What
do the Qur'an and Hadith say about Fitrah?
A: Imams (a) say that the verses: Indeed whosoever purifies himself
shall achieve success, and glorifies the Name of his Lord and prays
(87:14 & 15) refer to giving of Fitrah and saying prayers on Eid
al-Fitr. Imam Ja`far as- Sadiq (a) said: for your fast to be accepted,
give zakāt.
Q. When
does Fitrah become wajib?
A. Payment of Fitrah becomes obligatory after sunset on the eve of Eid
al- Fitr. The Fitrah should be kept aside and paid on Eid al-Fitr before
Eid prayers or before midday for those who cannot say their Eid prayers.
It is necessary to have obligatory intention (niyyah) of giving Fitrah
for God's pleasure only.
Q. What
happens if someone forgets or does not give Fitrah on time?
A. If one does not give out or set aside the Fitrah within the due time,
he should give the Fitrah later, on the basis of precaution, without
making the niyyah of adaa or qadhaa but only Qurbatan Ilallah.
Q. Can we
give Fitrah in advance?
A. Giving Fitrah before the eve of Eid al-Fitr is not permissible.
However, if you wish to send Fitrah earlier so that it reaches the needy
on time, then you can send it as a temporary loan to the needy and then
change your intention from loan to Fitrah on the eve of Eid al-Fitr.
Q. To
whom is Fitrah obligatory?
A. Paying Fitrah is obligatory on every Muslim who is mature (baligh),
sane, financially able, and conscious on the eve of Eid al-Fitr. Fitrah
should also be paid on behalf of all dependents (e.g. wife, children)
whom one supports financially.
Q. When
is a host required to pay Fitrah for his guest?
A. If a person invites another person to his house on the eve of Eid
al-Fitr and if the guest is present at the host's place at the time of
the sunset then it is obligatory for the host to pay Fitrah for his
guest.
Q. What
happens if the guest arrives after the sunset on Eid night?
A. In this case the guest will pay his/her own Fitrah and it is not
obligatory on the host to pay Fitrah for the guest.
Q. What
happens if a guest comes uninvited and is present at the time of the
sunset on the eve of Eid al-Fitr?
A. Ayatullah Sayyid As-Sistani says that the host should still pay the
Fitrah as an obligatory precaution. However, Marhum Ayatullah Sayyid al-Khui
was of the opinion that is recommended for the host to pay Fitrah of an
uninvited guest.
Q. How
much should we pay for Fitrah?
A. Fitrah for a person is given on a weight of three kilograms (one sa`a)
on any food commodity like wheat, barley, rice, millet, raisins or
dates. Ayatullah Seestani is of the opinion that the item that is not a
staple food in your town should not be given in Fitrah. Say, for
example, if millet is not a staple in Vancouver then Vacouver mumineen
should not pay Fitrah on millet.
Q. Can we
give cash value of any commodity mentioned above?
A. Yes, cash value in lieu of any foodstuff mentioned can be given as
Fitrah. Thus, if a kilo of rice costs $2.00, the cash value of Fitrah on
rice per person would be $6.00. We recommend, Fitrah on basmati rice to
be Canadian Dollars 7.00 for residents of Canada and US Dollars 6.00 for
US residents. (Please check prices for other items in your areas.)
Q. Whom
should we give the Fitrah to?
A. It is given to the needy who are unable to meet their own or their
dependants annual living expenses, nor do they have the means to do so
through earning. Ayatullah As-Seestani says that the needy who is given
the fitrah must be a Shi`ah Ithna `Ashari.
Q. Who
should not be given the Fitrah?
A. A needy who: consumes alcohol, does not say his daily prayers (salat),
commits sins openly, or he who is known to use the Fitrah in sinful way.
Q. Are
there any additional rules that we need to be aware of?
A. Following are some important rules: (i) Fitrah should not be sent
outside the town one resides in, if there are deserving mumineen in that
town. (ii) Fitrah from a non-Sayyid cannot be given to a needy Sayyid;
the reverse is permissible. (iii) A needy should be given at least one
Fitrah (iv) Amongst the needy, relatives should be preferred over others
when giving Fitrah, next in line are neighbors and then the learned.
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