Knowledge & Wisdom
We begin our first lesson with
Knowledge and Wisdom, which is the first and original pillar of human
distinctions and specialities.
In the very first revelation to the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) we read,
Read in the name of your Lord Who created. He created man from a clot.
Read and your Lord is Most Honourable, Who taught to write with the pen,
taught man what he knew not.
Also at the beginning of Surah Rahman we read, The Beneficent God,
taught the Quran. He created man, taught him the mode of expression.
In these two verses, first attention has been drawn to the grant of Ilm
(Knowledge) and then to Khilqat (creation) of man.
Also in many verses of this kind, wise people have been addressed with
inspiration like, And He it is who has made the stars for you that you
might follow the right way thereby in the darkness of the land and the
sea; truly We have made plain the communications for a people who know.
In another verse He says, And He it is who has brought you into being
from a single soul, then there is for you a resting-place, and a
depository; indeed we have made plain the communications for a people
who understand.
Also He says about Adam the Father of mankind, And He taught Adam all
the names, then presented them to the angels; then He said: Tell me the
names of those if you are right.
It is not out of place here to remember that as a rule of Arabic grammar
if before a noun there comes Al, it denotes a common category. On this
ground it can be said that God taught all the sciences/knowledge to
Adam. Then He orders the angels to bow before Adam and whosoever does
not bow respectfully is being regarded as one of the unbelievers.
In Islam, upgradation of stages is reserved for Mo-mineen and the
learned. Therefore He says, Allah will exalt those of you who believe,
and those who are given knowledge, in high degrees; and Allah is aware
of what you do.
In another verse, it is said about the one who is wise, He grants wisdom
to whom He pleases, and whoever is granted wisdom, he indeed is given a
great good and none but men of understanding mind.
The word Hikmat (wisdom) has been defined in many ways, like knowing and
being acquainted with the secrets of the world, Awareness of the Truths
about of Quran, Reaching to the truth through word and deed and Knowing
Allah. Each one of these meanings has, in it, a deep meaning and wisdom
for man and it is through piety and strenuous efforts that man has
raised himself to the heights of intellect. Moreover, fear of Allah is
reserved for the wise, Those of His servants only who are possessed of
knowledge fear Allah.
Yet in another Ayat the aim behind creation of the skies and the earth
and everything between them is mentioned, Allah is He Who created seven
heavens, and of the earth the like of them; the decree continues to
descend among them, that you may know
Obviously the meaning of this Ilm (knowledge) is the ability of knowing
God and this knowledge has no end. Allah asks His Messenger, (who knows
more than all other creation) to pray,
O my Lord! Increase me in knowledge.
Here we mention some sayings of the Masoomeen (a.s.) regarding the
importance of knowledge and wisdom.
A - Amirul Mo-mineen Ali (a.s.) was once asked about Khair (Good). He
said, Good is not that you have more wealth and children. Good is that
your knowledge increases.
Kumail says, Amirul Mo-mineen (a.s.) held my hand and took me out of the
town. When we reached wilderness he took a deep breath and said, O
Kumail! These hearts are the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. The best
of heart are those that provide room for more knowledge and wisdom.
Remember forever what I tell you.
There are three kinds of people: First - One who knows the Lord; Second:
A student of the path of salvation and truth; and third - a group like
flies who follow every voice; and who are dragged in any direction the
wind blows.
O Kumail! Knowledge is better than money and property. Knowledge is your
security and you have to guard wealth. Money and possessions decrease by
using but knowledge increases with its dispersion.
O Kumail! Knowledge is the only faith of man and man must always follow
it. Every man must, during his lifetime, adopt a way of obedience and
must leave after his death a good remembrance. Knowledge is the ruler
while money is the ruled.
O Kumail, the possessors of wealth and treasures have vanished but the
wise and the learned are living. The learned are alive till the world
exists. Their bodies have disappeared but their high examples exist in
the hearts of people.
Then pointing to his chest said: Here is the abundance of knowledge and
wisdom. I wish I could find bearers for it.
B - Amirul Mo-mineen (a.s.) narrates from the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.),
that he said, In Qiyamat the blood of the martyrs will be weighed
against the ink and writings of the learned and finally the ink of the
learned will be held heavier than the blood of the martyrs.
C - It is narrated from Imam Sadiq (a.s.), On the Day of Judgement
Almighty Allah will call the learned and the worshipper. Then He would
tell the Aabid to proceed to Paradise but the Aalim would be asked to
wait and intercede for those whom he had taught.
D - Imam Baqir (a.s.) says: The value of one learned man who has
benefited the society is more than the worship of seventy thousand
worshippers.
E - Imam Sadiq (a.s.) said: One Rakat of prayer of Aalim is more
valuable then seventy thousand Rakats of an Aabid.
G - It has been recorded from the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) that, The
superiority of a learned man over a worshipper is like that of the full
moon over other stars.
H - It is reported that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) once addressed Ali
(a.s.), The sleep of a learned man is better than a thousand Rakats
Namaz of a worshippers. O Ali! No poverty is harder than ignorance and
no worship can equal contemplation.
I - The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said: For the devil, the existence of
one Faqeeh (jurisprudent) is more intolerable than the existence of a
thousand worshippers.
J - Imam Zainul Abideen (a.s.) says, Had people known what benefit
learning gives, they would have run after it even if it required the
blood of hearts and diving deep into oceans. It is to convey that they
would try to learn unto the time of their death.
K - The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) is reported to have said, The loss of
running after an affair without learning about it is more than its
benefit.
L - Imam Sadiq (a.s.) is reported to have said, Working without
knowledge is like travelling off the road. The more a blind man walks
the more he gets away from his path.
Verses and traditions regarding knowledge are so many that it is
impossible for us to include all of them here. Yet it should not also be
forgotten that no other school of thought has given so much importance
to knowledge except Islam. So much so that Islam has made it almost
obligatory for a Muslim. We read in traditions: Learning knowledge is
compulsory under every circumstance.
Question: Is obtaining knowledge obligatory? In case it is obligatory is
it Kifaai or Ainee? That is, is it compulsory for some or for each and
everyone in the society?
Answer: The great jurisprudents of Islam are of the opinion that
obtaining Ilm is waajib-e-Ainee so far as it refers to the matters of
belief like the principles of religion and those practical affairs
without which duties cannot be fulfilled; and that beyond it, it is
Waajib-e-Kifaai. But a group of jurisprudents think it is absolutely
compulsory even in that case for those who can afford to obtain
knowledge.
Encouragement for the learned
Islam has encouraged learning. Great religious leaders have always
actively inspired scholars giving them preference over all others.
Hence, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.), during the war of Muslims against
Romans, gave the standard to a youth named Usama bin Zaid and ordered
that entire army to follow him.
Also when a group from Bani Hashim was sitting near Imam Sadiq (a.s.) in
a grand gathering, Hishaam bin Hakam who was then a youth arrived. The
Imam got up to greet him, pulled him toward him, kissed his lips and
seated him beside him. This happening displeased all the elders sitting
there. Imam said, "Don't you know that this young man had, during a
discussion, put Amr bin Ubaid (who was a great Sunni scholar) to shame
to such an extent that Amr said: So long as this youth is present in the
class I will not talk?" |