Ghadir Tradition: The
Expressive Evidence for Guardianship
Prepared by Islamic
Sciences and Researches Group
Qom
Unprecedented offence!
In the open political climate recently established in the country, a
number of Sunnite Molavi in the southern parts of the country, have
started their offence to the Shiite beliefs (state’s official school) in
contrary to their commitment on the issue of solidarity, an example of
which is the article with the title of “The legendary of martyrdom of
Hazrat Zahra (a.s.)”, which was published in the “Nedaye Islam” magazine
(licensed by Ministry of Guidance), and we replied it decisively.
Now, we came to know that one of the other southern Sunnite Molavi has
stated provocative utterances in respect to “Ghadir tradition”, which is
in contradiction with the facts existing in the tradition, history and
biography books. It persuaded us to explain Ghadir tradition clearly and
concisely, and let the public opinion to judge, to see what is the
conclusion of offence to the state’s official school? And how long we
shall be silent?!
Preface
You may have heard the name of Ghadir. It is a territory between Mecca
and Medina, near Johfeh, which is 200 km far from Mecca. It is a cross
road, where the pilgrims of different parts separate from each other:
a road towards Medina, northward
a road towards Iraq, eastward
a road towards Egypt, westward
a road towards Yemen, southward
Today, it is an abandoned area, but once it was the witness of one the
greatest events in the Islamic history, that is, the day of appointment
of Ali (a.s.) as the successor of Prophet (s.a.w.a.) (on eighteenth of
Zelhejjah, 10th A.H.).
Although for political purposes, the caliphs have tried to erase the
memory of this great historical event, and now too, some of the fanatic
individuals try to disappear or make it fade for some reasons,
nevertheless, the dimensions of this event is too extensive in history,
tradition and Arab literature, to be erased, covered or forgotten.
In the present booklet, you will find the documents and references in
this respect, so that you will be amazed, and may ask yourself that how
such a lot of proofs and evidences could be covered or neglected?!
We hope these logical analyses and evidences derived from the Sunnite
references to be the means of approaching the lines of world Moslems,
and the facts which were previously left unattended to be taken into
precise consideration, specially by the young generation.
Islamic Sciences and Researches Group – Qom
Ghadir Tradition
The expressive evidence for guardianship
Ghadir tradition is one of the conclusive evidences for the immediate
guardianship and caliphate of Ali (a.s.) after the Prophet (s.a.w.a.),
and the researchers render a special importance to it.
Unfortunately, those who prejudice with regard to his guardianship, once
accept validity of the tradition, and express doubt for its implication,
and once question about its authenticity.
For clarification of different aspects of this tradition, it is
necessary to talk about both groups with authentic and valid evidences:
Background of Ghadir
The “Farewell pilgrimage” ceremony was completed in the last month of
the 10th A.H. The Moslems learned pilgrimage activities from the Prophet
(s.a.w.a.), and then, Prophet (s.a.w.a.) decided to leave Mecca to
Medina. He instructed for departure. When the caravan reached an area
called “Rabegh”(1), which is three miles far from Johfeh (2), Gabriel,
the inspiration angel, revealed in a point called “Ghadir Khom”, and
addressed the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) with the following verse:
يا ايها الرسول بلغ ما انزل اليك من ربك و ان لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته و
الله يعصمك من الناس (3)
O Messenger, deliver that which has been sent down to thee from thy
Lord; for if thou dost not, thou wilt not have delivered His Message.
God will protect three from men.
The tone of verse indicates that God has assigned Prophet (s.a.w.a.) a
critical mission, which equals with his prophetic mission, and caused
despair of the Islam enemies. Is any critical mission more important
than appointment of Ali (a.s.) to the rank of caliphate, guardianship
and succession in front of more than hundred thousand people?!
Therefore, he ordered to stop. Those who were ahead of caravan, stopped,
and those who were at the back of caravan, joined them. At noon, it was
very hot, and a group of people put a part of their mantle on their head
and a part under their foot. A shading was made for the Prophet through
casting a veil on the tree. He sat on the high point, formed by the
camel saddle, and he delivered a sermon with a loud voice, the extract
of which follows:
Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) sermon in Ghadir Khom
Praise belongs to God. We seek help from Him, and believe in Him, and
trust in Him. We turn to Him for our evil and unrighteous deeds. The
Lord, save whom there is no guide. Whoever is guided by Him, there will
be no deviator for him. I testify that there is no God, save Him, and
Mohammad is his servant and prophet.
O people! Soon, I will die, and leave you. I am responsible and you too!
Then he added: What do you think about me!? (Have I fulfilled my
responsibility against you?)
The crowd all said: We testify that you have accomplished your prophetic
mission, and endeavored. God may grant you good rewards.
The Prophet (s.a.w.a.) said: Do you testify that the Lord of world is
one, and Mohammad is His servant and prophet, and there is no doubt
about paradise, hell, the everlasting life in the other world?
All replied: Yes, that is right. We testify!
He added: O people, I leave among you two precious things. I shall see
how you treat with my two heritage?!
One stood up and asked loudly: What are these two precious things?!
Prophet (s.a.w.a.) said: One is divine book, one side of which is in the
powerful hand of God, and the other is with you. And the next is my
Household. God has informed me that these two will never separate!
Beware, O People, do not surpass Quran and my Household. Do not fail to
follow both of them. Otherwise, you will perish!
Then, he took Ali’s hand (a.s.), and raised it too high that the armpit
of both of them was seen by the people, and introduced him to the
people.
He asked: Who is more authorized and rightful to the believers than
themselves?
All replied: God and His messenger are more aware.
The Prophet (s.a.w.a.) said: God is my master and I am the master of
believers, and I am more authorized and rightful than themselves!
Beware, O People!
من كنت مولاه فهذا علي مولاه
Whoever I am his master and authority, this Ali will be his master and
authority. (4)
اللهم وال من والاه و عاد من عاداه و احب من احبه و ابغض من ابغضه و انصر
من نصره و اخذل من خذله و ادر الحق معه حيث دار.
O God, be friend with whoever is friend with Ali, and be enemy with
whoever is an enemy of Ali. Help whoever helps him, and leave whoever
leaves him, make him the criteria of right! (5)
If you study the above sermon (6) carefully, there are quick evidences
for Imamate of Ali (a.s.) in every phrase of it. (we will explain it
soon).
The
eternity of Ghadir event
The Wise God has willed the Ghadir historical event to remain in all
ages and centuries, as a live history, attracting the hearts and minds,
and the Islamic writers to discuss it in the commentary, history,
tradition and theology books, and the religious orators to deliver
lectures about it, and call it one of the undeniable virtues of Imam Ali
(a.s.).
Not only the orators and lecturers, but also the poets too have been
suggested by this event, and have lighted their literary talent through
thinking and reflection on it, as well as increasing their loyalty to
the owner of guardianship. They have left the best poems in different
forms and various languages. (The Late Allameh Amini has mentioned an
important part of Ghadir poems in every century of the Islamic history,
while describing the attributes of the poets in the eleven volumes of
Al-Ghadir book narrated from popular Islamic resources).
In other words, no other historical event in the world, has been noted
so much by different classes, including traditionist, commentator,
theologian, philosopher, orator, poet, historian and biographer.
One of the reasons for eternity of this tradition, is revelation of two
Quranic verses (7) in respect to this event, and since Quran is eternal
and everlasting, this historical event too will be never forgotten.
It is noteworthy that referring to the history clarifies that eighteenth
of Zelhejjah has been known among Moslems as the Eid Ghadir, so that
Ebne Khalkan says about Mostalli Ebne Mostansar: The people paid homage
to him on eighteenth of Zelhejjah, Eid Ghadir, 487 A.H. (8), and he
writes about Mostansar Bellah Abidi: He passed away twelve nights before
the end of Zelhejjah, 487 A.H. It is the same night of eighteenth of
Zelhejjah, the night of Eid Ghadir. (9)
It is interesting that Aboureyhan Birouni, in Assarol Baqieh, has called
Eid Ghadir one of the feasts, which all Moslems celebrated it. (10)
Not only Ebne Khalkan and Aboureyhan Birouni have called it an Eid, but
also Thalebi, one of the other famous Sunnite scholars has called Ghadir
one of the popular nights among the Islamic nation. (11)
This Islamic Eid dates back to the time of Prophet (s.a.w.a.), because
on that day, the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) instructed the immigrants and
helpers, and rather his wives, to go to Ali (a.s.) and congratulate to
him for guardianship and Imamate.
Zeid Ebne Arqam says: Aboubakr, Omar, Osman, Talhe and Zobair from among
the immigrants were the first who paid homage to Ali (a.s.), but the
congratulation and paying homage ceremonies was continued till sunset.
(12)
110
people of tradition narrators
For showing importance of this historical event, it is enough to say
that one hundred ten of the Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) companions have
narrated it. (13)
Of course, this does not mean that only these from among the host have
narrated the event. Rather, we mean that in the books of Sunnite
scholars, the names of one hundred ten people are mentioned.
In the second Islamic century, called the age of followers, eighty nine
of them have narrated this tradition.
The narrators of Ghadir tradition, in the next centuries too are among
the Sunnite scholars and leaders. Three hundred sixty of them have
collected this tradition in their books, and a large group have affirmed
its validity and authenticity.
A group of them have not contended with narration of the tradition, and
have also written separate books with regards to its documents and
contents.
It is strange that the great Islamic historian, Tabari, has composed a
book, الولاية في طرق حديث الغدير, and has narrated the tradition based
on seventy five chains of transmission from the Prophet!
Ebne Oqdeh Koufi has narrated it from one hundred five people in the,
ولايت, essay.
Aboubakr Mohammad Ebne Omar Baghdadi, known as Jamani, has narrated it
through twenty five chains of transmission.
Sunnite Celebrated People
Ahmad Ebne Hanbal Sheybani
Ebne Hajar Asqalani
Jazari Shafei
Abou Saeid Sajestani
Amir Mohammad Yamani
Nessaei
Abolalae Hamedani
and Abolerfan Haban
have narrated the tradition through numerous chains of transmission.
(14)
Shiite scholars too have composed valuable books regarding this
historical event, and have referred to the Sunnite important references,
the most comprehensive of which is the historical book, الغدير, composed
by the late Ayatullah Amini. (This book has been the main reference in
composition of this article).
However, after appointment of Ali (a.s.) as his successor, the Prophet (s.a.w.a.)
said:
O People, just now the inspiration angel revealed to me and brought this
verse:
اليوم اكملت لكم دينكم و اتممت عليكم نعمتي و رضيت لكم الاسلام ديناَ
Today I have perfected your religion for you, and I have completed My
blessing upon you, and I have approved Islam for your religion. (15)
Then the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) said “Allahu Akbar” and added:
I thank God for perfecting His religion, and completing His Blessing,
and approving my mission and guardianship and succession of Ali after
me.
Then, Prophet (s.a.w.a.) came down, and said Ali (a.s.):
Sit under a tent so that the prominent Islamic chiefs and headmen pay
homage and congratulate to you.
First of all, Omar and Aboubakr congratulated to Ali (a.s.) and called
him their master!
Hassan Ebne Thabet availed himself of the opportunity and asking
permission from the Prophet (s.a.w.a.), versified some poems, and read
them before the Prophet (s.a.w.a.). Hereunder we will mention only two
couplets of it:
فقال له قم يا علي فانني
رضيتك من بعدي اماماَ و هادياَ
فمن كنت مولاه فهذا وليه
فكونوا له اتباع صدق موالياَ
He said Ali: Get up, I selected you for succession and guidance of
people after me.
Whoever I am his master and authority, this Ali will be his master and
authority, and you loving him heartily, follow him. (16)
This tradition has been one of the greatest evidences for excellence of
Imam Ali (a.s.) over all the Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) companions.
Even, in the caliphate council meeting, hold after demise of the second
caliph (17), as well as during the caliphate of Osman, and his own
caliphate, Imam Ali (a.s.) has argued it. (18)
Moreover, the great personalities, like Hazrat Zahra (a.s.) have
repeatedly reasoned the tradition against the opponents and deniers of
the high rank of Ali (a.s.). (19)
To whom does the word master and authority (مولي) apply?
The main issue here is the interpretation of concept of master, that
while being clear and obvious, it has been unfairly judged. Considering
the aforementioned explanation, there would remain no doubt and
uncertainty about the authenticity of the tradition, the excuse seekers
created doubt and uncertainty about the meaning and concept of
tradition, particularly the word, مولا.
We shall explicitly say that the word, مولا, in this tradition, and
rather in most cases, has only one meaning, that is, priority and
qualification, and in other words, guardianship. Quran has applied the
word, مولا, for the concept of guardian and authority.
The word, مولا, has been applied in 18 Quranic verses, 10 of which is
concerned with God. It goes without saying that it indicates His
authority and guardianship, and only in some few cases, it has been
applied for friendship.
Therefore, there shall be no doubt that the word, مولا, primarily means
the superior and authority. In Ghadir tradition too, it has the same
meaning. In addition, it is accompanied with so many evidences and
proofs, clearly proving that it means authority and guardianship.
The
evidences certifying this claim
Even supposing that the term, مولا, has lexically various meanings, but
there are many evidences and proofs in the Ghadir tradition and this
great historical event, removing any ambiguity and conclusive for all.
First evidence:
As we said, on the day of Ghadir historical event, Hassan Ebne Thabet,
Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) poet, asked permission from the Prophet (s.a.w.a.),
and versified Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) utterance. This eloquent and fluent
poet, having command on Arabic language, applied Imam and guide for the
word, مولي, and said:
فقال له: قم يا علي فانني
رضيتك من بعدي اماماَ و هادياَ
He said Ali: Get up, I selected you for succession and guidance of
people after me. (20)
As it is clear, he had not understood the word, مولي, in the Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.)
utterance, anything save the rank of Imamate, leadership and
guardianship of the nation, while he knew well Arabic terminology and
was one of the eloquent Arab poets.
Not only Hassan, the great Arab poet, has understood this concept from
the word, مولي, but also other great Islamic poets, most of which have
been among the famous Arab poets and literati, and some of them have
been the great professors in this language, have understood the same
concept which Hassan did, that is, Imamate and leadership of nation!
Second evidence:
Imam Ali (a.s.) in his poems writing to Moavieh regarding Ghadir
tradition says:
و اوجب لي ولايته عليكم
رسول الله يوم غدير خم
God’s Prophet (s.a.w.a.) enjoined my guardianship for you on the day of
Ghadir Khom. (21)
Who can interpret the tradition and explain for us what the God’s
Prophet (s.a.w.a.) meant by, ولايت, on the Ghadir day, better than Imam?
Does this interpretation show not that as all present in the Ghadir
event believe, it does not imply anything save social leadership and
headship?
Third evidence:
Before stating the phrase, من كنت مولاه ..., the Prophet asked:
الست اولي بكم من انفسكم؟
Am I not more authorized and rightful to you than yourselves?
In the above phrase, Prophet (s.a.w.a.) has applied, اولي به نفس, and
has asked all people for confession to his authority over them. Then, he
immediately said:
من كنت مولاه فهذا علي مولاه
Whoever I am his master and authority, this Ali will be his master and
authority.
What is the purpose of conjunction in these two phrases? Is it anything
save proving the same rank of Prophet (s.a.w.a.) as per the text of
Quran, for Ali (a.s.)? The only difference is that he is the prophet and
Ali is Imam. On this account, it is interpreted as:
Whoever I am his master and authority, this Ali will be his master and
authority. (22)
If the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) meant something else, there was no reason for
asking people’s confession for his mastership and authority. It is very
unfair if one neglects this message of Prophet (s.a.w.a.), and does not
take into account such obvious evidence.
Fourth evidence:
The Prophet (s.a.w.a.) asked for people’s confession to three basic
Islamic principles and said:
الستم تشهدون ان لا اله الا الله و ان محمداَ عبده و رسوله و ان الجنة حق و
النار حق؟
Do you testify that the Lord of world is one, and Mohammad is His
servant and prophet, and there is no doubt about paradise, hell?
What did he mean for asking the confession? Does he want to make
people’s mind ready to consider the rank and position, which he will
later prove for Ali (a.s.), as the previous tenets, and know that
confession to his caliphate and guardianship is the same as triple
tenets of religion, to which all confess? If the word, مولي, meant
friend and helper, the sentences lose their relation, and the utterances
is not firm anymore. Don’t you think so?
Fifth evidence:
At the beginning of his sermon, the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) talks about his
death and says:
اني أوشك أن ادعي فاجيب
Soon, I will die. (23)
The phrase indicates that the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) is going to make a
decision for the period after himself, and fill the vacancy caused by
his demise. What can fill such vacancy, is appointment of a successor,
worthy and informed to manage the affairs after him, and nothing else.
If we interpret guardianship to something save caliphate, the logical
relation of the Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) utterances is clearly disturbed,
while he is one of the most eloquent and fluent orators. What other
clearer evidence could be found for guardianship?
Sixth evidence:
After the phrase, من كنت مولاه ..., the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) said:
الله اكبر علي اكمال الدين و اتمام النعمه و رضي الرب برسالتي و الولايه
لعلي من بعدي
“Allahu Akbar”, I thank God for perfecting His religion, and completing
His Blessing, and approving my mission as well as guardianship and
succession of Ali after me.
If he meant friendship and assistance of one of the Moslems, how the
God’s religion was perfected, and His blessing was completed through
friendship with Ali (a.s.)? More obviously, he says: God approved my
mission and guardianship of Ali (a.s.) after me. (24) Are these not
clear evidences for the concept of caliphate?
Seventh evidence:
What evidence is more explanatory than congratulation of Omar and
Aboubakr, and a large number of the Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) companions to
Ali (a.s.) lasting till the time of sunset prayer, while Omar and
Aboubakr were the first of those who congratulated Imam as follows:
هنيئاَ لك يا علي بن ابي طالب اصبحت و أمسيت مولاي و مولي كل مؤمن و مؤمنه
Congratulations to you, O Ali Ebne Abitaleb, you wake up and go to
sleep, while you are my guardian, and the guardian of any believer man
and woman! (25)
What position did Ali (a.s.) achieve on that day to be worthy of such
congratulation? Is any rank, save leadership and caliphate of the
Islamic nation that was not officially declared till then, worthy of
such congratulation? Friendship and kindness was not a new issue.
Eighth evidence:
If friendship of Ali (a.s.) was meant, it was not necessary to express
it in such a hot weather (stopping one hundred thousand caravan, and
asking the people to sit on the hot sands in the desert for delivering a
lecture)!
Quran had already called all the society’s individuals as brothers, and
it says:
انما المؤمنون اخوة
The believers indeed are brothers. (26)
Had Quran not already introduced the believers as friends? Ali (a.s.)
too was one of the believers, and there was no need for declaring his
friendship. Even if it was expedient to declare his friendship, these
preparations and hard conditions were not required. It was possible to
be declared in Medina. Surely, the issue has been more important,
requiring such exceptional preparations, which were unprecedented in the
Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) life, and it was not repeated anymore.
Now
let’s judge!
With such clear evidences, isn’t it strange if someone doubt about the
Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) purpose, that is, caliphate and leadership of
Moslems? How do those who doubt, persuade their conscience and what’s
their reply to God on the day of resurrection?
Verily, if all Moslems start a new study and review on the Ghadir
tradition, free from any prejudice, they will reach desirable
conclusions, and it will cause more solidarity among the Moslems.
Question:
It is remarkable that some say that the president, has interpreted the
word, مولا, as friendship, in one of his elective lectures, while he is
one of the Shiite clergymen.
Reply:
It is not true, because soon later, for removing any ambiguity and
misunderstanding, he clarified in the explanation published in many of
dailies as follows:
I shall remark the point, which I mentioned in one of my recent lectures
about the Ghadir event, that is, kindness and affection has a critical
role in the God’s religion, and particularly in the social life of the
Islamic society. However, considering the time, place and the homage
paid to Ali (a.s.) on the same day, by the word, مولي, in the phrase, من
كنت مولاه فهذا علي مولاه, the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) surely meant
guardianship and leadership of the Islamic society, and as we Shiite
believe, and as per the authentic historical narration after demise of
Prophet (s.a.w.a.), this concept has been accepted and approved by the
Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) great companions. On the other hand, the word, مولي,
conveys a special message and has been selected knowingly. Surely the
Prophet could apply other phrases such as, امير، قائد، سلطان, but the
word, مولي, includes friendship and kindness (one of the bases of
desirable Islamic government) in addition to guardianship. Today, our
nation wants to enjoy a free and improved society, as well as growth
with spirituality, morality and kindness.
Islamic Sciences & Researches Group – Qom
Three meaningful traditions!
1- Who is right?
Omme Salameh and Ayesheh, Prophet’s (s.a.w.a.) wives say: We heard from
the Prophet (s.a.w.a.):
علي مع الحق و الحق مع علي لن يفترقا حتي يردا علي الحوض
Ali is with right, and right is with Ali, they do not separate each
other until appearing to me besides the Pond of Abundance.
This tradition has been narrated in many of Sunnite popular resources.
Allameh Amini has mentioned these resources exactly in the third volume
of Alghadir. (27)
The famous Sunnite commentator, Fakhr Razi, in his commentary book,
under the Opening sura says: Ali Ebne Abitaleb (a.s.) recited, بسم الله,
loudly, and it has been proved by repeated transmission. Whoever follows
Ali in his religion, he has been guided, as the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) says:
اللهم ادر الحق مع علي حيث دار
O God, make him the criteria of right, to wherever he turns. (28)
Pay attention. It says the right turns to wherever he turns!
2- Pledge of brotherhood
A group of known companions of the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) have narrated
following tradition from the Prophet (s.a.w.a.):
آخي رسول الله (صلي الله عليه و آله) بين اصحابه فاخي بين ابي بكر و عمر،
و فلان و فلان، فجاء علي (رضي الله عنه) فقال آخيت بين اصحابك و لم تواخ
بيني و بين احد؟! فقال رسول الله (صلي الله عليه و آله) انت اخي في الدنيا
و الآخرة.
The Prophet (s.a.w.a.) set the pledge of brotherhood between his
companions, such as between Omar and Aboubakr, and the others (those in
the same rank). Then, Ali (a.s.) came to him and said: You set the
pledge of brotherhood for all, but not between anyone and me? The
Prophet (s.a.w.a.) said: You are my brother in the world and hereafter.
The same content with similar phrases has been stated in 49 other cases.
These traditions are generally found in the Sunnite resources! (29)
Isn’t the pledge of brotherhood between Ali and the Prophet (s.a.w.a.) a
proof for his excellence and superiority to the all nation? Is it
possible to prefer someone to the superior?
3- The sole means of salvation
Keeping in hand the door of Kabah, Abouzar called:
من عرفني (فقد عرفني) و من لم يعرفني فانا ابوذر، سمعت النبي (صلي الله
عليه و آله) يقول: مثل اهل بيتي فيكم مثل سفينة نوح، من ركبها نجي و من
تخلف عنها غرق
Whoever knows me, he knows, and whoever doesn’t know me, may know that I
am abouzar. I heard from the Prophet (s.a.w.a.): The similitude of my
Household is like that of Noah ship. Whoever enters it, is saved, and
whoever leaves it, will be drowned.
The references of the above tradition are very numerous, to which will
be referred in the footnote. (30)
When Noah typhoon happened on the earth, there was no salvation means,
save Noah ship. Even the high mountains could not deliver Noah’s son who
had associated with the evil-doers.
As per the saying of the Prophet (s.a.w.a.), is there any way for
salvation of the nation after him, save resorting to the Household
(a.s.)?
The
references (from the known Sunnite resources)
1- Rabegh is now located between Mecca and Medina.
2- It is one of the trysting-places, and in the past, the course of
people of Medina, Egypt and Iraq branched there.
3- Table sura, verse 67.
4- The Prophet repeated this phrase for three times to avoid any future
mistake!
5- This part of Ghadir tradition, and sometimes its first part, without
the second or visa versa, has been mentioned in the following documents:
مسند ابن حنبل: vol. 1, p. 254; تاريخ دمشق: vol. 42, p. 207, 208 & 448;
خصائص نسايي: p. 181; المعجم الكبير: vol. 17, p. 39; سنن الترمذي: vol. 5,
p. 633; المستدرك علي الصحيحن, vol. 13, p. 135; المعجم الاوسط; vol. 6, p.
95; مسند ابي يعلي, vol. 1, p. 280; المحاسن و المساوئي: p. 41; مناقب
خوارزمي: p. 104, and other books.
6- A large group of known Sunnite scholars have narrated this sermon in
their books, such as:
مسند احمد: vol. 1, p. 84, 88, 118, 119, 152, 281, 331, 332, 370; سنن ابن
ماجه, vol. 1, p. 55, 58; المستدرك علي الصحيحين حاكم نيشابوري, vol. 3, p.
118 & 613; سنن ترمذي, vol. 5, p. 633; فتح الباري, vol. 79, p. 74; تاريخ
خطيب بغدادي, vol. 8, p. 290; تاريخ الخلفاء و سيوطي, p. 114, etc.
7- The Table sura, verses 67 & 3
8- وفيات الأعيان: vol. 1, p. 60
9- وفيات الأعيان: vol. 2, p. 223
10-ترجمة الآثار الباقيه: 395; الغدير, vol. 1, p. 367.
11-ثمار القلوب: 511
12-Congratulation of Omar Ebne Khattab has been mentioned in many of
Sunnite documents, such as, مسند ابن حنبل, vol. 6, p. 401; البداية و
النهاية, vol. 5, p. 209; الفصول المهمه ابن صباغ, p. 40; فراءد السمطين,
vol. 1, p. 71. Congratulation of Aboubakr, Omar, Osman, Talhe, Zobair
and others have been stated in other books: مناقب علي بن ابيطالب,
composed by Ahmad Ebne Mohammad Tabari (Alghadir, vol. 1, p. 270).
13-The documents of these important resources will be mentioned all
together.
14-All of these documents are available in the first volume of Alghadir
book, which are generally collected from the known Sunnite references.
15-The Table sura, verse 3.
16-The poems of Hassan have been stated in several resources: مناقب
خوارزمي, p. 135, مقتل الحسين خوارزمي, vol. 1, p. 47, فرائد السمطين, vol.
1, p. 73 & 74; النور المشتغل, p. 56; المناقب كوثر, vol. 1, p. 118 & 362.
17-This argument has been stated in the following books: مناقب اخطب
خوارزمي حنفي, p. 217; فرائد السمطين حمويني, chapter 58; الدر النظيم ابن
حاتم شامي, الصواعق المحرقه ابن حجر عسقلاني, p. 75; امالي ابن عقده, p. 7,
212, شرح نهج البلاغه ابن ابي الحديد, vol. 2, p. 61, الاستيعاب ابن
عبدالبر, vol. 3, p. 35; تفسير طبري, vol. 3, p. 418 under verse 55, The
Table sura.
18-فرائد السمطين, first part, chapter 58; شرح نهج البلاغه ابن ابي الحديد,
vol. 1, p. 362; اسد الغابه, vol. 3, p. 307, vol. 5, p. 205; الاصابه ابن
حجر عسقلاني, vol. 2, p. 408, vol. 4, p. 80; مسند احمد, vol. 1, p. 84,
88; البداية و النهاية ابن كثير شامي, vol. 5, p. 210, vol. 7, p. 348;
مجمع الزوائد هيتمي, vol. 9, p. 106; ذخائر العقبي, p. 67, … (الغدير, p.
163, 164)
19-اسني المطالب شمس الدين شافعي, as per narration of, سخاوي في الضوء
اللامع, vol. 9, p. 256; البدر الطالع شوكاني, vol. 2, p. 297; شرح نهج
البلاغه ابن ابي الحديد, vol. 2, page 273; مناقب علامه حنفي, p. 130;
بلاغات النساء, p. 72; العقد الفريد, vol. 1, p. 162; صبح الاعشي, vol. 1,
page 259, مروج الذهب ابن مسعود شافعي, vol. 2, page 49; ينابيع الموده, p.
486.
20-The documents for attribution of these poems to Hassan Ebne Thabet
was already mentioned.
21-The Late Allameh Amini, in vol. 2 of Alghadir, p. 25-30, has narrated
this poems with other couplets from 11 of Shiite and 26 of Sunnite
scholars.
22-Allameh Amini has narrated the phrase, الست اولي بكم من انفسكم, from
64 Islamic traditionists and historians. Refer to vol. 1, p. 371.
23-Refer to Alghadir, vol. 1, p. 26,27,30,32,333,34,36,47,176. The chain
of transmission of this subject from the Sunnite documents, such as:
صحيح ترمذي, vol. 2, p. 298; الفصول المهمه ابن صباغ, p. 25; المناقب
الثلاثه حافظ ابي الفتوح, p. 19, البداية و النهاية ابن كثير, vol. 5, p.
209, vol. 7, p. 348; الصواعق المحرقه, p. 25; مچمع الزوائد هيتمي, vol. 9,
p. 165,…
24-The late Allameh Amini has mentioned the documents for this part of
tradition in vol. 1, p. 43,165,231,232,233,235, like: الولاية ابن جرير
طبري, p. 310; تفسير ابن كثير, vol. 2, p. 14; تفسير الدر المنثور, vol. 2,
p. 259; الاتقان, vol. 1, p. 31; مفتاح النجاح بدخشي, p. 220; ما نزل من
القرآن في علي, ابونعيم اصفهاني, تاريخ خطيب بغدادي, vol. 4, p. 290; مناقب
خوارزمي, p. 80; الخصائص العلويه ابوالفتح نطنزي, p. 43; تذكره سبط بن جوزي,
p. 18; فرائد السمطين, chapter 12.
25-For information about the documents indicating congratulation of Omar
& Aboubakr, refer to Alghadir, vol. 1, p. 270, 283. A part of documents
of this tradition was already stated.
26-Apartments sura, verse 10.
27-Mohammad Ebne Abibakr, Abouzar, Abou Saeid Khadri, and others have
narrated this tradition from the Prophet (s.a.w.a.). (Refer to vol. 3,
Alghadir).
28-تفسير كبير, vol. 1, p. 205.
29-Allameh Amini has stated all of these fifty traditions, and its
documents and resources in details in the third volume of Alghadir.
30-مستدرك حاكم, vol. 2, p. 150, (published in Heydarabad), and at least
30 other books from the Sunnite known resources, have narrated it. |