What is the Fast of the Month
of Ramadan?
Every year in the ninth lunar
month of the Islamic calendar, Muslims around the world abstain from
food, drink, vain talk and certain other actions from before sunrise
until after sunset.
Fasting is prescribed in the
Abrahamic faiths
The Jewish, Christian and
Muslim religions all enjoin fasting. Moses observed a fast of forty
days at Mount Sinai at the time of the revelation of the Ten
Commandments. (Exodus 24:18) Although less common now, it is Jewish
tradition to fast when mourning or when in danger. Most practicing Jews
still fast on the Day of Atonement and for the one-week commemoration of
the destruction of Jerusalem in 597 B.C. Jesus of Nazareth, peace be
upon him, also fasted on the Day of Atonement and the forty days of
Moses’ fast to ward off Satanic temptation.
“Then Jesus was led by the
Spirit into the desert to be tempted by the devil. After fasting forty
days and forty nights, he was hungry.” (Matthew 4:2)
Many Christians observe a
forty-day pre-Easter fast, although now it includes abstention from only
certain food items rather than all food and drink. Muslims fast the
month of Ramadan and may, optionally, fast on most other days of the
year.
The One God prescribes fasting
for the faithful; and it has many benefits. Material pleasures can be
generalised into food and drink, sexual pleasures, and vanity. Fasting
requires abstaining from these, going against the natural instinct of
Man to observe the commandment of God. This builds and strengthens a
person's self-control, nearing them to their Creator. Other benefits of
fasting include:
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Fasting
instills patience, teaches self control
and discipline.
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Fasting increases
compassion for the less fortunate.
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Fasting builds focus on
spirituality and diminishes focus on materialism.
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Fasting has many health
benefits.
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Fasting can be atonement for
sin and can earn great reward.
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Fasting is part of a strong
spiritual and physical renewal plan.
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Fasting commemorates important
sacred religious events.
The Muslim fast of the month of
Ramadan is a continuation of the long history of fasting in the
Abrahamic faiths. The self-improvement benefits of fasting make it an
important means of improving one’s faith and practice of religion.
“And men who fast and women
who fast…God has prepared for them forgiveness and a vast reward.”
(Qur’an 33:35)
What does the fast of the month
of Ramadan entail?
In short, the fast involves
abstention from all food, drink, vain talk, and sexual intercourse for
married couples from the time before dawn when the sky becomes light
enough to distinguish a black thread from the white thread of the
horizon, until after sunset when redness leaves the Eastern half of the
sky. Some people are not to able to fast due to age, health,
child-bearing conditions, etc., and instead give charity, and/or make up
the days of fast they missed at a later time.
However, the true spirit of the
fast of the month of Ramadan is more than just abstention from a few
things. It is a time of sustained, amplified effort toward spiritual
perfection.
“Thirst and hunger you
undergo, feel and live through, here and now, to bring to your mind the
severity and sharpness of the drought and starvation that will be the
order of the day on the Day of Judgment.
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Give alms to the poor and
destitute.
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Treat your parents and elders
with respect.
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Be kind and loving to your
children and juniors.
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Take care of and look after
your relatives.
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Keep from giving
tongue to that which should not even be whispered.
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Shut your eyes to that which
is indecent to have an eye for.
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Turn a deaf ear to that which
is too slanderous to be all ears to.
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Be compassionate, gentle and
benign unto orphans so that after you, your children, if need be,
receive the same treatment from others.
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Turn repentant to God and
seek His nearness.
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Holy Prophet, peace be upon
him and his family
In addition to fasting and
aiming for excellent moral character, Muslims devote as much time and
energy as possible in the month of Ramadan toward prayer and
supplication to the One and Only God. During some of the nights of this
month, Muslims will remain awake the whole night in worship.
After the last day of the month
of Ramadan, Muslims celebrate Eid ul Fitr to commemorate the completion
of the fast. They get together for prayer, food, and modest gift
exchange (particularly for children). However, it is a day of mixed
feelings, because the most blessed month of Ramadan with all of its
opportunities for forgiveness and reward are gone for another year.
“I take refuge with Thy
kindest disposition, O Lord, lest the dawn of this night breaks forth,
or the month of Ramadan comes to an end, and I still stand as an accused
(unforgiven) sinner, liable to be punished, on the Day I am presented
before Thee.”
[From a prayer of the last night of the month of Ramadan, taught by Imam
Jafar Al-Sadiq, peace be upon him]
Why is fasting prescribed
particularly in the month of Ramadan for Muslims?
The month of Ramadan is the
ninth month in the Islamic lunar calendar. Since a lunar year is about
a week and a half shorter than a solar year, the month of Ramadan cycles
backward through the seasons. It is a sacred month because God ordained
it for the revelation of sacred texts. Imam Ja’far Al-Sadiq quotes the
Holy Prophet, peace be upon him and his family, as saying,
“The Books of Abraham were
revealed on the first night of the month of Ramadan; the Torah was
revealed on the sixth of the month of Ramadan; the Gospel was revealed
on the thirteenth of the month of Ramadan . . ., and the Holy Qur’an on
the twenty-third of the month of Ramadan.”
It is also considered sacred
because it contains the Night of Power (Laylatul Qadr). “Qadr”
literally means destiny, and on this night God determines each and every
event to occur during the next year to any and all of His creation.
Imam Al-Sadiq, peace be upon
him, informs us that,
“During Laylatul Qadr, the
angels, the spirit, and the trusted scribes all descend to the lower
heavens and write down whatever God decrees that year, and if God wishes
to advance something or postpone it or add thereto, He orders the angel
to erase it and replace it with whatever He decrees.”
The Holy Prophet of Islam, peace
be upon him and his family, tells us about the great blessings of the
month of Ramadan.
“[The month of Ramadan is]
overflowing with advantages, merciful, ready to put up your sins of
omission and commission to God for obtaining his forgiveness. Its days,
nights and hours, in the estimation of God, are more select, refined and
important than the days, nights and hours of other months. It surpasses
all months in merits and favours.…. So, sincerely, free from evil and
sinful thoughts and actions, with clear conscience, pray and request
that God may give you heart and confidence to observe fast… throughout
this month...”
Conclusion:
Muslims observe fast, as in any
act of devotion, to seek nearness to God, seek His pleasure and
Forgiveness, and generate a spirit of piety in Man. Fasting in this
month honours the revelation of God’s word and purifies one in
preparation for the night of decrees and in hope of forgiveness. Fasting
is a yearly spiritual renewal, given abundant reward in this month of
God’s Mercy, which is part of the Islamic path to the ideal self.
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