Wife Beating Fatawas!
Although, in some cases
beating has been sanctioned as a last resort, nevertheless, strict
conditions have been set. Of those conditions is that the beating has to
be light, so much so, that it should be hit by a light thing like a pack
of grass or a very small stick of wood just to show that the man
is not satisfied with certain actions and no evidence of redness or
blackness is to be visible on the skin. And criteria is not that the
redness/blackness remains for a duration of time but as soon as the
markings are apparently clear then the person responsible for this is
required to pay Blood money.
Sayed Seestani – 18/08/1999
1. QUESTION: Is it merely the redness or the blackness when beating that
makes incumbent paying of Blood Money or is it necessary that these
markings continue for duration of time?
ANSWER: When the redness or blackness is evident, blood money is
binding, and duration of time is not a consideration.
Sayed Seestani – 11/04/2000
2. QUESTION: A woman who does not refrain from insulting her husband,
nor does she refrain from harming him with her tongue and curses him
with that which is not befitting, and her audacity has reached level
where she does not allow him to sleep, and if he should sleep she
screams in his ear, awakening in a fright from her voice, and she seeks
of him that which is impossible in his present situation.
• Is she considered recalcitrant/rebellion
• Does he have a right to beat her
• Does he have the right to threaten her with that which she fear until
she refrains
• What is the ruling regarding her actions and is her prayer accepted
ANSWER:
• No, that is not considered rebellion (nushooz), even though it is not
permissible and is reason to rebuke, according to Shariah Law, if such
is established with the Shariah Law Judge.
• He DOES NOT HAVE THE RIGHT (to beat her), except to a degree that
necessitates his DEFENDING HIMSELF.
• Yes he has a right to do that
• A great sin, and offence and perhaps Allah will not accept her deeds.
Sayed Seestani – 12/08/2000
3. QUESTION: If the wife persists in not wearing Hijab, even though her
husband insists, and has employed all means from, enjoining good and
forbidding evil, beating and disciplining, incarcerating, threatening
with divorce, all of which have achieved no result. Therefore what is
necessary for the man to do, should he divorce her or not, and if he
does not divorce is he committing an offense?
ANSWER:
It is permissible for him to divorce her and he will not be committing
an offense if he does not, and BEATING HER IS NOT PERMISSIBLE TO HIM,
only preventing her from going out without Hijab is, and if she violates
this and exhortation does not help, or abandoning, it is permissible for
him to BEAT HER TO AN EXTENT WHICH DOES NOT CAUSE REDNESS OR BLACKNESS,
otherwise blood money is incumbent on him.
Sayed Seestani – 27/09/2000
4. QUESTION: Does the woman have a legal right to leave her marital home
when she is being beaten, in a disciplinary manner, by her husband. And
can she lay down conditions for returning to the husband’s home. This,
considering that the husband fulfills all his obligatory spousal duties.
ANSWER: It is permissible for her to leave if she fears for herself, and
it is NOT PERMISSIBLE for him to beat her except where she prevents him
from his obligatory right (sexual intercourse), or leaves the house
without permission, and exhorting her first is futile and then
abandoning (the marital bed), in this case it is permissible in such a
matter that does not result in redness or blackness.
Sayed Seestani – 17/10/2000
5. QUESTION: exact same question as Number 4.
ANSWER: It is not permissible for him to beat her except if she is
recalcitrant (Nushooz), and exhortation and abandoning does not help.
And it is imperative that the beating is not bloody or its severity
causes redness or blackness to her body, and only such amount necessary
to take effect, and it is not permissible to exceed above that if the
satisfactory result is reach. And it is necessary that the intention be
for betterment and not merely revenge or venting. And it is not
permissible if her disobedience is in that which does not require her to
be obedient. And obedience for her is only obligatory in matters
concerned with sexual intercourse and leaving the house without
permission. As beating is permissible under these circumstances, leaving
the house becomes impermissible for her, so too the laying down of
conditions for her return. But if the matter is not concerned with that
(sexual intercourse/leaving the house), and she fears a repetition, it
is permissible for her (to leave and lay conditions)
(Nushooz: applies only to those who become immorally corrupt or those
who prevent their husbands from sexual intercourse).
Sayed Seestani – 09/09/2001
6. QUESTION: What are the circumstances, which give power to the Shariah
Law Judge to grant a divorce?
ANSWER: The Judge has the right to grant divorce if the husband refuses
to spend on her or he does not treat her with kindness, or does not
fulfill her obligatory rights, or beats her, or picks quarrels with her,
for if she raises the matter before the Shariah Judge, he will be
ordered to spend or divorce is granted, and that he treats her with
kindness or divorce is granted. If he refuses, the Shariah judge grants
divorce on his behalf, also it is permissible for him to grant divorce
if the husband is missing for four years with the conditions set out in
‘Minhaj as-Saliheen’.
Sayed Seestani – 17/09/2001
7. QUESTION: Is it obligatory for the Muslims to force a Muslim woman to
wear Hijab, it being an avenue of enjoining good and forbidding evil?
ANSWER: If this enforcement necessitates beating or the like, as an
obligatory precautionary one refrains, except if there is permission
granted from the Shariah Judge.
Sayed Seestani – 03/11/2001
8. QUESTION: A brother asks whether it is possible to force his wife to
have sexual intercourse, if she uses physical illness as her excuse, or
the like, when he is compelled to use violence? And does the ruling
differ if it is physical or mental? This considering that it is not part
of her habit to prevent her husband from herself, but sometimes does so
with the stated excuses scornfully.
ANSWER: It is not permissible for her to prevent him from herself even
if she is not desirous. Although if this causes harm to her, or
unbearable intense embarrassment, then it is legal excuse, and he cannot
force her. But if she refuses herself without a legitimate excuse and
exhortation and abandonment it is permissible to force her with a light
beating, and he limits it to minimum amount possible needed to be
effective, and if that does not benefit he is allowed to exceed, with
the condition that it is not bloody or severe, causing blackness or
redness, that is only if he thinks it will benefit in having her become
obedient again, and it is imperative that the intent be for betterment
and not revenge. And if he commits an offense, he is required to by
blood money, and he does not have a right to force her violently.
Sayed Seestani – 17/11/2001
9. QUESTION: Is it permissible for the husband to take his wife’s wealth
forcefully, knowing well that she is not approving and sometimes even
beats her to take it.
ANSWER: It is not permissible and he should fear Allah.
Sayed Seestani – 04/02/2002
10. QUESTION: Is it permissible to beat the wife with non-violent blows
because of her stubbornness or ill manners with the husband, and what is
your advice for this type of wife.
ANSWER: It is not permissible and our advice is that both the spouses
strive to show respect the other and show kindness.
Sayed Seestani – 14/07/1999
11. QUESTION: My wife continually provokes me and the circumstances call
for to beat her, and the reasons are extreme, like continually
disobeying me even in the most menial matter. And I am justified in my
actions. Therefore, what is needed of me to clear my conscience?
ANSWER: It is not permissible for her to obey you except in matters
related to sexual intercourse or leaving the house without permission
and you do not have the right to beat her except where those matters are
concerned and only after exhortation and abandonment have failed. And if
you beat her to an extent to which blood money becomes a requisite on
you, then this blood money is obligatory on you regardless of whether
the beating was permissible or not.
HADEETHS
1) The Prophet said, "The best of men from my nation (Ummah) are those
that are not aggressive towards their wives, are compassionate towards
them and do not oppress them.” He then read, 'Men are the protectors and
maintainers of women, because God has given the one more (strength) than
the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the
righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband's)
absence, what God would have them guard…"[an-Nisa' 4:34]
2) The Prophet said, "I am amazed at the one who beats his wife, when in
reality he is the one more worthy of being beaten. Do not beat your
wives with a stick, for there is punishment (for the one who does it) (Safinatu
alBihar V2 P586).
3) Imam Ali said to his son Mohammad bin al-Hanafia, "Son! If you grow
strong then grow strong in the obedience of Allah. And if you grow weak,
then grow weak in the disobedience of Allah. And if its possible for you
not to assign to a woman anything par which concerns herself then do so,
for that is better for her beauty, and more relaxing for her mind, and
more beneficial for her being (condition). The woman is a sweet smelling
flower and not a workhorse, so please her and treat her with kindness,
then your life will be more comfortable". (Makarim alakhlaq P218)
4) Prophet Mohammad (sawa): The man pronouncing to the woman “I love
you”, forever does not leave her heart. (Mizan al-Hikma 1185)
5) Imam as-Sadiq said: Whomever is benevolent to his wife, Allah
increases his life-span (ibid – 1186)
6) Prophet Mohammad (sawa) said: A man sitting down with his family is
more loved by Allah than seclusion of one’s self in my Mosque here.
(ibid – 1186)
7) Verily! A man will be rewarded for raising a morsel (of food) to his
wife’s mouth (ibid – 1186)
8) Prophet Mohammad (sawa): Verily! Allah and His Messenger are free (baree’e)
of he whom harms his wife causing her to separate from him.
SAYED ALSHIRAZI
1. QUESTION: A man commands his not leave the house, preventing in that,
connection with close kin (silat-raham). Is his order invalid in light
of the fact that there is no obedience for the created in disobedience
of the creator? ANSWER: Yes his orders are invalid, insomuch as ties
with close of kin is concerned.
2. QUESTION: My wife provokes me and beats the children and every time I
attempt to exhort her, she is heedless. Therefore, is it permissible for
me to beat her in order to discipline her?
ANSWER: NO, rather attempt to discipline her with that which is better.
3. QUESTION: My wife leaves the house without my permission, and of the
rights of the husband over the wife is that she not leave the house
except with his permission, therefore, what is the ruling regarding my
wife’s leaving the house?
ANSWER: If her leaving the house is only insomuch as friendly/gracious
associations, then there is no harm.
SAYED ABU QASIM AL-KHOEI
1. QUESTION: What is the limit of obedience of the wife to her husband,
after she has fulfilled totally her (sexual) marital duties. For
example, if he says to her: I do not approve of you leaving to so and
so’s place, this considering that it in no way has an effect on his
sexual right…is it obligatory upon her to obey him?
ANSWER: What is obligatory on her is only that which is concerned with
(sexual intercourse). She does not leave if it conflicts with his sexual
desire. Otherwise, leaving the house, when there is no conflict, is with
obligatory precaution. |