29. Al-Majlisi II has said

According to another narrative, `Omer hit her with the whip, so she died while her wrist still showed a mark that looked like a bracelet because of his beating... She did not let them take Ali (A.S.) away before they had squeezed her behind he door, causing her to miscarry a child whom the Messenger of Allah (A.S.) had named Muhassan. She died in the aftermath.”

In another narrative, al-Mugharah ibn Shu`bah, acting upon ordered which he had received from `Omer, pushed the door on her stomach, causing her to miscarry Muhassan. He took Ali (A.S.) to the Mosque by force.”¹

30. Al-Majlisi II, commenting on an authentic tradition narrated from the father of al-Hasan (A.S.), says that Fatima (A.S.) is a truthful martyr, adding,

This incident proves that Fatima, peace and blessings of Allah be upon her, was a martyr, and this is a consecutively reported fact. The reason is that when they confiscated the caliphate, and when most people swore the oath of allegiance to them, they sent for the Commander of the Faithful (A.S.) to participate, but he refused. `Omer brought fire to burn the house and everyone inside it, and they wanted to enter his house by force. Fatima (A.S.) prohibited them at the door, so Qunfath, slave of `Omer, pushed the door on Fatima’s stomach, breaking her rib and causing her to miscarry a fetus whom the Messenger of Allah (A.S.) had named Muhassan. She fell sick because of that, and she died, peace and blessings of Allah be upon her. Both al-Tabari and al-Waqidi have stated in their respective Tarikh books that `Omer ibn al-Khattab went to Ali (A.S.) in a group of men including Asad ibn Hudayr and Salamah ibn Aslam and said, “Get out or I shall burn you all.” This is narrated by Hazanah, too.²

31. Al-Majlisi has said the following about `Omer ibn al-Khattab: “Our [Shi`a] narratives, and also theirs [Sunnis’] as well, are quite clear in reporting how he terrified Fatima (A.S.) till she miscarried. Consecutively reported narratives have stated that when both men [referring to Abu Bakr and Omer] harmed her, peace and blessings of Allah be upon her, they actually harmed the Messenger of Allah (A.S.) and Ali (A.S.). Both parties [Shi`as and Sunnis] quote the Prophet (A.S.) saying, `Whoever harms Ali (A.S.) harms me.’ Allah, the most Exalted and Sublime, has said, ‘surely those who harm Allah and the Messenger of Allah [with their evil deeds or words] are cursed by Allah in the life of this world and in the hereafter, and He has prepared for them a humiliating chastisement’ (Holy Qur’an, 33:58).”³

32. Al-Majlisi, may Allah have mercy on him, said the following as he was explaining some supplications:

Referring to the harm done by the first [caliph] and the second to Ali (A.S.) and Fatima (A.S.), and how they wanted to burn Ali’s house with the fire, how they led him by force like a fleeting camel, how they squeezed Fatima (A.S.) with her door till she miscarried Muhassan, so much so that she ordered to be buried at night so that neither the first nor the second would attend her funeral..., etc.”⁴

33. Some ancient traditionists and historians from among our fellows have included the title of “martyr” among her titles.⁵ Why was she a martyr? “She was a martyr because they beat her at her house’s door on her stomach till her fetus, whom the Messenger of Allah (A.S.) had named al-Muhassan, died.”⁶

34. Others have said that when Ali (A.S.) was brought to the Mosque, he made a statement wherein he said, “You folks of betrayal and abomination, prepare your answers for you shall be questioned tomorrow. You will be asked why you oppressed us, we Ahl al-Bayt! Why should al-Zahra’ be beaten in daylight, and why should you confiscate our right by force?... It is very hard for Ali son of Aba Talib to see how the wrist of Fatima is turned black and everyone knows his status and observed his valor.”⁷

35. Al-Kashani says,

... Then `Omer gathered a bunch of taleeqs and hypocrites and brought them to the house of the Commander of the Faithful (A.S.). They found his door locked, so they shouted, `Come out, O Ali, for the successor of the Messenger of Allah calls you into his presence!’ He did not open the door to them. They brought firewood and put it at the door. Then they brought a torch in order to set it ablaze. `Omer shouted, `By Allah! If you do not open the door, we shall surely burn it!’ When Fatima (A.S.) realized that they were going to burn her house, she stood up and opened the door for them. Those folks pushed her before she could return. Fatima (A.S.) hid behind the door. Then they leaped on the Commander of the Faithful (A.S.) as he was sitting on his bed, surrounded him and dragged him from his house tied by his own garment, pulling him to the Mosque. Fatima (A.S.) tried to intercept between them and her husband and said, `By Allah! I shall not let you drag my cousin unjustly like that! Woe unto you! How swiftly you are to betray Allah and His Messenger (A.S.) in our regard. The Messenger of Allah (A.S.) told you to follow us, to love us, and to uphold us, for Allah Almighty has said, ‘say: I do not ask you for any reward for it except love for my near relatives’ (Holy Qur’an, 42:23).” Most people deserted him [`Omer] because of her account, so `Omer ordered Qunfath, the curse of Allah be on him, to hit her with his whip. Qunfath whipped her on her back and side till he worn her out, leaving marks on her sacred body. That beating was the main reason why she miscarried a boy whom the Messenger of Allah (A.S.) had named Muhassan.⁸

36. Muhammed ibn Ahmed ibn al-Hasan al-Daylami has said, “... till he broke the sword of al-Zubayr. He [`Omer] insulted Salman, hit `Ammar, harmed Ali (A.S.) and assaulted the house of Fatima (A.S.).”⁹

37. He also said, “Some have said that a rope was brought and placed around the neck of Ali (A.S.) who was told to swear fealty [to Abu Bakr] or be killed.”¹⁰

38. He has also said, “It has been reported that Ali (A.S.) did not leave his house till his door was burnt, and he was dragged to swear fealty against his wish.”¹¹

39. He narrated that `Omer said to Ali (A.S.), “Swear the oath of allegiance [to Abu Bakr].” Ali (A.S.) said, “What if I do not?” `Omer said, “Then we shall kill you.” Such is not accepted by the Islamic Legislative System (Shara`a) nor by reason.¹²

40. The author of the book titled Al-Dawlatayn has stated that `Omer took a torch of fire and went to the house of Fatima (A.S.). Fatima (A.S.) came out. He said to her, “Tell Ali and al-`Abbas to come out or else I shall burn the house.” There is no doubt that if he was forced to do what he did not want, he would be excused for having done it.¹³

41. Sayyid Taj ad-Din ibn Ali ibn Ahmed al-Husaini al-`amili has written the following:

When he, peace be upon him, saw how few his supporters were and how those who swore the oath of allegiance to him [at Ghadir Khumm] betrayed him, he remained at home. `Omer ibn al-Khattab gathered a group of people and brought them to the house of Ali (A.S.). They found its door locked. Nobody permitted them to enter. `Omer called for firewood to be brought and said, “By Allah! If you do not open it, we shall burn it!” When Fatima (A.S.) heard that, she went out and opened the door. `Omer pushed the door as she was behind it, squeezing her and causing her to miscarry then subsequently to die as is transmitted. They entered and leaped on the Commander of the Faithful (A.S.) whom they took out by force. Fatima (A.S.) tried to intercept them and said, “I plead to you in the Name of Allah not to take my cousin out unjustly! Woe unto you! How swift you are in betraying Allah and His Messenger in our regard!” `Omer ordered Qunfath to whip her. The marks of whipping remained on her body [till her death].¹⁴

42. Al-Turayhi (d. 1085 A.H.), who was a contemporary of al-Majlisi, may Allah have mercy on him, has recorded the following:

... So, my Brethren, if we reconsider, abandoning the worship of our ego and shunning those who strayed and followed their own inclinations, do you think that Fatima (A.S.) was pleased when Khalid ibn al-Walid squeezed her, so she miscarried Muhassan, and Qunfath, slave of Abu Bakr, whipped her, leaving marks on her body, or when her husband, cousin and father of the Prophet ‘s grandsons, was cheated out of the caliphate...?!¹⁵

43. The following is recorded in the book titled Conference of Baghdad’s Scholars:

Having taken the oath of allegiance to himself from the people through terrorism, force, threats and intimidation, Abu Bakr sent `Omer and Qunfath with Khalid ibn al-Walid, Aba `Ubaydah al-Jarrah and a group of hypocrites to the house of Ali (A.S.) and Fatima (A.S.). `Omer gathered firewood at the door of Fatima’s house. That was the same door where the Messenger of Allah (A.S.) many times stood and said: “Assalamo Alaikom, O Household of Prophethood!” and he never entered it without permission. `Omer burnt the door of that house.

When Fatima (A.S.) went behind that door to send `Omer and his party away, `Omer squeezed her between the wall and the door very hard, causing her to miscarry her fetus, and one nail planted itself in her chest. Fatima (A.S.) screamed, “O Father! O Messenger of Allah! See what we have suffered after you at the hands of the son of al-Khattab and the son of Aba Quhafah!” `Omer turned to those in his company and said, “Hit Fatima!” The one who was very much loved by the Messenger of Allah (A.S.) and who was part of him was whipped, so much so that they caused her body to bleed. Marks of the hard squeeze and the bitter shock took its toll on Fatima’s body, so she fell sick and depressed and remained so till she died only a few days later. So, Fatima (A.S.) is the house of Prophethood. Fatima (A.S.) was killed because of `Omer ibn al-Khattab.¹⁶

44. Al-Hasani has said, “According to another narrative, when they wanted to enter her house and take Ali (A.S.) out, she wanted to stop them. Qunfath hit her on her face, hurting her eyes.”¹⁷

45. Al-Hasani has also said, “According to a third narrative, she stood behind the door to stop them from entering it. They thrust themselves on the door, pushing it against her, and she was pregnant, so she miscarried a son whom the Messenger of Allah (A.S.) had named Muhassan.”¹⁸ It is as if the author wants to exonerate the assailants from the consequences of killing al-Muhassan, as the reader understands, by saying that he was killed because of the folks’ stampede. This is rebutted by consecutively reported narratives proving that someone [`Omer] intentionally killed him by squeezing his mother between the door and the wall as has been explained already.

46. Ibn Hamzah al-Zaidi, relying on the authority of Muhammed ibn Ishaq ibn `Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith who cites Muhammed ibn Rakanah saying,

`Omer ibn al-Khattab, Khalid ibn al-Walid, `Ayyash ibn Raba`ah went to the door of Fatima’s house. They said, “By Allah! You have to come out for the swearing of fealty!” `Omer said, “By Allah! We shall burn your house and everyone inside it!” Fatima (A.S.) called out, “O Messenger of Allah! What have we suffered after you?!” Al-Zubayr came out to meet them with his sword unsheathed. He attacked them. When `Ayyash saw him, he said to `Omer, “Beware of the dog!” `Ayyash threw a garment on al-Zubayr, caught him with both his arms and pulled the sword from his hand. He kept hitting it on a rock till it broke.¹⁹

47. He also narrated through isnad to `Abdullah ibn `Omer al-`Omeri who quotes Zaid ibn Aslam quoting his father saying, “I was among those who gathered firewood at Ali’s house. `Omer said, `By Allah! If Ali son of Aba Talib does not come out, I shall burn the house and everyone inside it!’”²⁰

48. He also narrated through isnad to Muhammed ibn `Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Sa’ib ibn Zaid who quotes his father saying, “I was with `Omer ibn al-Khattab when he wanted to burn the house of Fatima (A.S.). He said, `If they refuse to swear the oath of allegiance, I shall burn their house!’ I said to `Omer, `But Fatima (A.S.) is inside the house! Do you still intend to burn it?!’ He said, `I and Fatima shall meet.’”²¹

49. Ibn Hamzah al-Zaidi clearly indicated that the house of al-Zahra’ (A.S.) was attacked many times, one after the other, gathering various narratives one which says that when Ali (A.S.) refused to swear fealty, he was joined by Talhah and al-Zubayr, and they did not come out till `Omer went there and wanted to burn the house as they were inside it. Another says that Abu Bakr came out to the Mosque to pray, ordering Khalid ibn al-Walid to pray beside him then to kill Ali (A.S.) as soon as Abu Bakr was to pronounce the tasleem following his prayers. A third narrative states that Ali (A.S.) was brought by force, so he swore fealty against his wish. Ibn Hamzah comments on these incidents saying, “All this happened during different times, and there is no contradiction among these narratives, nor does any of them cancel the other.”²²

50. It has been narrated from the son of `Abd al-Rahman that he said, “I heard Sharak saying, `What do they have to do with Fatima (A.S.)?! By Allah! I shall never raise an army, nor shall I assemble people together! By Allah! Both men [Abu Bakr and `Omer] have hurt the Messenger of Allah (A.S.) in his grave!”²³

51. In a letter from Mu`awiyah to Muhammed son of Abu Bakr, the first says, “When Allah chose for His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, what He has, completing for him what He promised him and enabling his call to prevail, showing His proof, He took his soul away to Him. Immediately thereafter, your father [Abu Bakr] and his `Faraq’ [`Omer ibn al-Khattab] were the very first to usurp his rights and go against his orders. They both agreed with each other to do so, coordinating their effort. Then they called him [Ali (A.S.)] to swear fealty to them, but he lagged behind, so they were very upset with him and decided to commit a great crime against him.”²⁴

52. Al-Mas`adi has said,

He paid them no heed. The Commander of the Faithful (A.S.) and his Shi`as stayed at home fulfilling a promise to the Messenger of Allah (A.S.). They sent people to his house. They assaulted him. They burn his house door. They took him out by force, and they squeezed the Head of the Women of the World with the door till she miscarried Muhassan. They required him to swear the oath of allegiance, but he refused saying, “I shall not swear it.” They said to him, “Then we shall kill you.” He said, “If you kill me, I am a servant of Allah (A.S.) and a Brother of His Messenger.” They made him stretch his hand, but he did not open it. They tried to open his hand but could not, so he [Abu Bakr] rubbed on it as it was withheld.²⁵

53. Nasr ibn Muzahim has transmitted from Muhammed ibn `Ubaydullah from al-Jurjani saying that `Omer said to Mu`awiyah during the Battle of Siffeen, “Leave them have access to the water, for Ali (A.S.) should not remain thirsty while you are not, and in his hands are the horses’ reins as he looks at the Euphrates wondering if he will drink of it or die of thirst. You know how courageous he is, and the people of Iraq and Hijaz support him. Both you and I heard him say, `Had I had only had forty men when my house was assaulted, meaning the house of Fatima (A.S.)..., etc.’”²⁶

54. During the sickness that preceded his demise, Abu Bakr said that he regretted three things which he had done and how he wished he never did them. He stated those things. Among what he said was the following: “I wish I never searched the house of Fatima (A.S.) daughter of the Messenger of Allah (A.S.) and never permitted the men to enter it even if it had shut its door during war time...”²⁷

Al-Majlisi commented on the above by saying, “This proves what is already reported about his assault of the house of Fatima (A.S.) when Ali (A.S.) and al-Zubayr and others assembled there and that he [Abu Bakr] sought his own self interest rather than that of others.”²⁸